Mine closure is often treated as the last chapter of a mining project. This analysis asks a more practical question: who carries the cost when the operator cannot — or will not — close the mine?
It follows closure liabilities through Russia, Canada, Australia and the Arctic, tracing the gap between a legal obligation and money that is actually protected, reassessed and available when a company disappears.
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This is published in Analysis as a working analytical piece. It may later be developed into a research publication.